Analysis of the effectiveness of noise reduction methods for vibration seismic data

Background. Vibrating sources of seismic waves have a number of advantages over explosive ones: the ability to work in difficult surface conditions, a greater number of source parameters that allow you to control the shape of the seismic signal, high-performance technologies for vibroseismic work can reduce the time of data acquisition. But data quality is o` eninferior to explosive sources. The loss of quality is associated with technical problems in generating low and high frequencies and nonlinear distortions. Also, during high-performance work, an additional source of interference arises in the form of a signal from neighboring sources.
Aim. The article discusses several methods aimed at improving the quality of the transition stage from raw vibrograms to correlograms.
Materials and methods. The article discusses several methods aimed at improving the quality of the transition stage from raw vibrograms to correlograms. Testing of the methods includes the use of non-stationary filtering of vibrograms, the use of records from vibrator plates (Ground Force) for correlation and deconvolution of vibrograms, and the suppression of harmonic noise from secondary sources.
Results. There are two types of noise for attenuation: correlation noise and harmonic noise. The first type of noise is caused by a mismatch between the actual vibration signal and the pilot sweep. Therefore, suppression methods are aimed at searching for a signal close to the actual one, or using the Ground Force signal. Harmonic interference suppression is relevant for high-performance applications in which a harmonic signal from a secondary source interferes with the fundamental mode of the signal from the main source.
The effectiveness of the methods was evaluated by applying the methods to real data. It has been shown that standard correlation of vibrograms with a pilot sweep has filtering properties similar to time-variable bandpass filtering of vibrograms. Deconvolution of vibrograms with the Ground Force signal makes it possible to reduce the amplitudes of correlation noise, but increases the amplitude of random noise at short distances. Harmonic noise is effectively suppressed by a method that does not use a Ground Force signal, due to which the delay between excitations (slip-time) in high-performance methods can be signifiantly reduced.
Conclusions. A qualitative and quantitative assessment of the efficiency of vibration data processing methods was carried out. Recommendations for the application of the considered methods were formulated.

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