In the strategic context of the development of the CCS industry (including geological exploration of the subsoil for CCS) for the purposes of long-term business planning in the Russian Federation, the need to forecast and further capture and place in the subsoil more than 10 billion tons. CO2 per year, the prospects for searching for objects for storing CO2 in the industrially developed Eastern part of the Orenburg region are considered.

Aim. Evaluation of the prospects for searching in the Orenburg segment of the Magnitogorsk trough for objects for storing carbon dioxide.

Materials and methods. Orenburg segment of the Magnitogorsk profiling of skin removal, gravity, magnetic and seismic exploration, drilling and mining. Works on the assessment of the prospects for its oil and gas content reach a small volume. The interpretation of this complex of geological and geophysical data is carried out according to the technology for assessing the prospects for oil and gas content in narrow regions.

Results. In the Orenburg segment of the Magnitogorsk trough, there are geological facilities for storing greenhouse gases. Lithological-formational complexes promising for their search have been identified: Ordovician, Silurian, Lower-Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian, Lower-Middle Carboniferous, Jurassic and Mesozoic weathering crusts. The forecast of their occurrence depths is given.

Conclusions. Further regional exploration work in the Magnitogorsk trough throughout its entire length should also solve the problem of predicting the development zones of objects that are promising for storing greenhouse gases.

The structure that was not confirmed by exploration drilling was marked as part of perspective area evaluation.

In terms of different saturation types of similar age sediments in this region and plays with oil rims, the goal was set to hold the full-probabilistic geological and economical evaluation of the field.

Aim. The present work aims at full-probabilistic 3D geological and simulation modeling. It was necessary to get a number of production profiles for economic indicators estimation and to determine the expediency of full-scale development of the considered trap.

Materials and methods. 3D geological and later simulation modeling was used with the whole range of geological and reservoir parameters’ uncertainties in the study. The calculation was carried out in Petrel and tNavigator software.

Results. The result of the investigation is 300 possible geological cases of the field. On this basis, simulation models were constructed, on which production profiles were calculated using algorithms for automatic calculation of the well schedule. Further, the distribution of the net present value (NPV) of each result was determined.

Conclusions. In this study, a theoretical algorithm for a full-probabilistic evaluation was structured into a practical guide for conducting this type of estimation. Also, the necessary Workflow, tools for automatic wells placement, and field commissioning planning, ready for replication, were developed.

Introduction. The Bazhenov high-carbon formation deposits are characterized by high lateral and vertical variability.

The aim of the work is developing a mineral-component classification and a three-component diagram of the Bazhenov high-carbon deposits to identify the diversity of lithological types and systematize research.

Materials and methods. The classification is based on a combination of data from lithological, mineralogical and geochemical studies. The main rock-forming minerals are three main components (siliceous, clay and carbonate matter). The concentration limits for each component are 5, 10, 25 and 50%.

Results. The following 15 main classes have been identified: 1) single-component, with the content of the main component of more than 50 %; 2) two-component, with the content of each of the two main components of more than 25 %; 3) three-component (mixed rocks), with the content of the three main components from 25 to 50 %.42 subclasses were identified in one-component and two-component rocks additionally. The name in additional classes is determined depending on the content of the mineral component in the amount of 5–10 % and/or 10–25 % and is indicated as an adjective to the main class. The name of the rock should reflect the content of minor minerals and organic matter for greater in detail. The mineral-component classification was actually applied to the Bazhenov deposits confined to the zone of the Frolovskaya megadepression and the Krasnoleninsky arch. 33 breed classes/subclasses have been identified. The most common are two-component (clay-siliceous and siliceous-clay) and one-component (siliceous) rocks. The class of one-component clay rocks is absent in the studied well sections.

Conclusions. The proposed mineral-component classification makes it possible to give a full and correct name to each rock, highlight the diversity of lithological types, trace their changes in the section of the Bazhenov highcarbon formation and perform spatial referencing.

Background. The studied object is an oil and gas field in Western Siberia, the main productive formation is represented by three units, with significantly differing properties. Despite rock porosity is relatively even throughout the section, significantly more permeable parts of the formation are located in its upper part, and the middle and lower units identified by additional petrophysical studies are characterized by extremely low permeability values.

At the analyzed field, the developed reservoir is already drilled by both vertical and horizontal wells. Hydraulic fracturing performed in the vast majority of wells, and formation pressure maintenance system was organized a long time ago. Development has been going on for over thirty years and the field is at the stage of declining production.

Aim. Brownfield production enhancement.

Materials and methods. Production analysis, petrophysical model calibration, cross-well interference testing, dynamic reservoir modeling, multi scenario development planning

Results. Integrated technology of field development analysis, targeted field testing, dynamic reservoir modeling and multicsenario development planning was set up and implemented on a brownfield. Project effectiveness will be evaluated after drilling this year.

At each stage of the field life cycle, the issues of searching for new ways of influencing the reservoir are traditionally considered in order to involve zones previously not covered by drainage, and, as a result, to increase oil recovery factor. These challenges are most relevant for fields at a late stage of development. Most of the remaining reserves are concentrated in areas with a complex geological structure, high nonuniformity of porosity and permeability and compartmentalization of the formation, which leads to a decrease or lack of coverage of reservoirs sections by drainage. The problem of remaining reserves recovery is extremely acute for fields with carbonate fractured reserves, where the operation of the reservoir pressure maintenance system is often point-like, and filtration from the matrix part of the formations is almost reduced to zero. In these conditions, radial drilling (RD) has attracted particular attention as an inexpensive and effective way to increase the coverage of reservoirs sections that were not previously involved in the development. RD refers to hydroerosive technological measures to create small channels in the formation from the wellbore, and provides additional impact on the productive formation by increasing the drainage zone and the surface efficiency vertically.

Purpose, materials and methods. The purpose of work was the search for relations between remaining recoverable reserves and the number of RD-channels, actual incremental oil rates and methods for largescale modeling of technology at the hydrodynamic model, which would make it possible to correctly assess the potential incremental oil rate for different periods of time. In this paper, a team of specialists from Gazpromneft STC LLC and Gazpromneft-Orenburg LLC proposed a method for performance evaluation of the RD technology. During the research, an analysis of the actual technological production performance of wells after RD with subsequent calculations of several cases on the hydraulic model, assuming a different number of RD-channels and their direction relative to the top and bottom of the reservoir in order to identify the optimal number of channels in the current development conditions, was made. Alternative methods of RD design as variation of the skin factor values for the predicted effectivity period of RD, the implementation of a temporary increase of the bottom-hole zone permeability and the creation of hydraulic fractures, were used.

Results and conclusion. As a result, the optimal number of RD-channels was determined, and palettes, that allow estimating the potential incremental oil rate for different periods of time in the process of modeling the hydrodynamic model, which also display the dependence of the considered variables on the remaining recoverable reserves, the number of RD-channels, were formed. Thus, the use of RD technology contributes to the best effect, which can be expressed in incremental oil rate, and can be achieved using a design that involves RD-channels, depending on the location of the horizontal wellbore in the profile cut of the oil-saturated bank. It is assumed that the approach will increase the success of the event up to 90–100 %, reducing risks of ineffective increments after the RD.

Background. The article discusses such a technological direction as multistage hydraulic fracturing and its development on classical terrigenous reservoirs. Together with hydraulic fracturing technologies, the issue of optimizing completion and development systems to reduce capital costs is relevant. In such conditions, it is important to find solutions that allow achieving the maximum potential from reservoir stimulation. The work in this direction includes a complex of engineering solutions tested at the pilot-industrial site of the Yuzhno-Priobskoye field, where the technology of multistage multi-zone hydraulic fracturing (MMGRP) was tested.

Materials and methods. As a basic approach to achieve maximum coverage of the reservoir by fracturing fractures, was chosen a reversal of the horizontal section of wells in the direction of minimum horizontal stress. This is due to the need to create transverse cracks in the process of stimulation in order to achieve maximum effect from the technology. Completion complex was represented by equal- pass cemented tubing with length of horizontal section is 2000 m. Each stage consisted of three clusters, the choice of the position of which was based on a complex of factors and calculations, including the analysis of geomechanical data.

Results. The authors show the company’s internal experience, industrial tests, methods and schemes of technology adaptation. The results presented in the article allow us to conclude that the synergy from a set of solutions, with a qualitative approach, can have an effect in the form of additional profit due to the optimization of the process and the choice of stimulation technology.

Conclusion. Detailed data processing in the Planar 3D module with further verification on the hydrodynamic simulator at the stage of preparatory work served as a successful scientific and practical basis for the qualitative and effective implementation of the MMGRP technology. The number of perforations and their distribution was confirmation on analytical models. This parameter is a prerequisite for the effective implementation of this technology when distributing the injected mixture into clusters and creating planar fractures in them. Production estimation and the results obtained on experimental field tests due MMGRP technology in conditions of a limited drainage area change the understanding of methods of completion and stimulation of low-permeability reservoirs at TRIZ facilities.

The purpose. The purpose of the studies presented in the article is to approve the possibility of implementing the recommendations formed as a result of previous studies of a large highly productive fractured carbonate object with dual permeability, characterized by a change in permeability due to pressure.

Materials and methods. In the process of research, the method of analyzing the parameters of the object, and their influence on the filtration characteristics; analysis of geological and field data; evaluation of water displacement of oil by Bakley and Leverett; material balance method was used. For the conditions of the researched object, a method for oil recovery factor increasing in account with well pattern and fracturing is proposed.

The possibility of reservoir pressure recovery according to the variant that takes into account the previously developed recommendations was also evaluated.

Results and сonclusion. The results of the evaluation at the analytical level showed the relevance of the previously issued recommendations for optimizing the development of a large regional carbonate object in the Republic of Iraq, including the possibility of well pattern configuration, taking into account the heterogeneity of permeability over the area. In addition, the possibility of reservoir pressure recovery up to 210 atm and higher was confirmed, which will allow using fractured reservoir productivity.

Background. Experience in the development of shock-hazardous ore deposits in the CIS and other countries has shown that the tendency of an ore (rock) to accumulate elastic potential energy and to brittle fracture, as well as the proximity of the level of acting stresses to the ultimate strength of rocks, are reliably determined by the effect of fission of the rock core obtained during drilling wells with ring crowns, on convex-concave discs. The information obtained by core disking is a complex characteristic of the massif state. It reflects both the strengthproperties of the rock, and the degree of its fragility, and the magnitude of the stresses acting in the massif.

Aim. Checking the possibility of determining the acting stresses in a rock mass using the core disking method in preparing a geomechanical model for hydraulic fracturing design.

Materials and methods. In order to test the method, we used core material taken from some deposits in Western Siberia. As disking intervals, core sections were selected that were broken into disks with a thickness of not more than half of its diameter. The magnitude of the stresses acting in the rock mass, normal to the borehole axis σmax, was determined in fractions of the ultimate strength of the rock in uniaxial compression σ0 by the ratio of the thickness of the disks to the core diameter t/d.

Results. It has been proven that the disking method allows to determine the lateral rock pressure in vertical oil wells, and can be used in the preparation of a geomechanical model for hydraulic fracturing design.

Conclusion. The possibility of using the effect of core disking to determine horizontal stresses when compiling a geomechanical model of a section for the purpose of designing a hydraulic fracturing process is considered. It isrecommended to study the strength properties of the core taken directly from disking intervals to ensure better convergence and accuracy of the results of the method.

Introduction. The processes of conformance profile control in injection wells and flow-diverting technologies are considered. A general approach to processes simulation is proposed, in which two principal components reacting in the reservoir.

Aim. The purpose of the research is to create a tool for prediction and assessment of the results of injection well treatments.

Materials and methods. It is proposed to consider the process within the framework of a problem with a small parameter, in which the well treatment is modeled by a one-dimensional flow for each interlayer.

Results. Analytical solutions of the problem have been obtained, which make it possible to determine the reaction constant from laboratory tests and predict the redistribution of the flow near the well. These solutions can be used in a commercial software or proxy model as well-reservoir coupling coefficients. The technologies of reagents injection with subsequent displacement them into the reservoir with water injection and shut down the well for reaction after injection are analyzed.

Conclusions. The combination of the analytical analysis of the conformance improvement with simulation of waterflood by commercial software increases the scientific basis and effectiveness of the decisions of oil reservoir water management.

Background. The use of subsea production systems on the shelf is widely known. However, their use in Arctic conditions is associated with a number of difficulties and is extremely limited.

Aim. Analysis of existing optimization methods for linearly extended objects. Design of methods to implement optimization approaches in the development of offshore hydrocarbon fields. Development of new methods to analyze the architecture of hydrocarbon objects.

Materials and methods. The experience of the Russian Federation in the optimal design of linearly extended objects and the analysis of arctic conditions. Existing methods of optimization of trunk pipelines.

Results. An efficient model and method have been used to develop for Arctic field development design using the subsea production system (SPS). Compared to 2D models used in the past, the new design technique offers an opportunity to make 3D models and can be used for optimization of offshore field development projects.The proposed optimization model is based on the Bellman–Ford algorithm developed for 3D networks. This approach has been used for the first time to capture key features and specific subsea production system design processes. The algorithm and block diagrams developed for the proposed SPS design method is universal. This method can be used to address tasks of a more general nature. Optimization of the particular case between a single start point (well location) and single end point (SPS facility) is implemented as a separate software package, but the scope of applications is not limited by such cases and may be extended even further.

Conclusion. The presented method of optimal design of SPS architecture allows solving the problem in a particular case. It can also be very efficient for Arctic subsea field development. The authors suggest that this method is universal, however further research is required.

Introduction. In a situation of continuous organizational change, it is extremely important to implement methods that reduce uncertainty and assess the prospects for scaling the project. Knowledge management projects have a number of distinctive features that make it difficult to analyze the results of their implementation and to plan them.

Aim. Develop a method for knowledge efficiency evaluation both for the project/product as a whole and for individual assets; test this method on the available data; design an approach to make managerial decisions about knowledge management product development.

Materials and methods. The initial material for the study is analytical data of the knowledge dissemination system. To reach the aim methods of analysis and synthesis are applied. There was conducted an analysis of existing methods for knowledge efficiency evaluation, barriers to its application in the oil and gas industry were considered. They were integrated with approaches to the scalability of software solutions regarding the specifics of knowledge management domain. Initial materials were used to model economic effects.

Results. Promising directions for the knowledge management system development were identified. The potential for scaling the value of knowledge was assessed, and the possibilities for developing the model and scenario analysis were presented.

Conclusion. This article provides an overview of the key approaches, which may be relevant for a wide range of readers involved in the processes of digital business transformation and interested in options for assessing the replication of IT solutions and knowledge management products.

This article presents projects to reduce the carbon footprint in the oil and gas industry, existing problems in the field of implementation and the necessary tools to solve them.

Familiarity with the methods of carbon dioxide capture, injection and storage (CCS), utilization of associated petroleum gas and rational use of energy resources (energy efficiency) will help open up a new reality for the oil and gas complex, bring additional points in the table of climate-responsible companies, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and pollutants into the atmosphere.

Introduction. Currently, “green” technologies are becoming competitive compared to traditional sources and are beginning to receive state support, which opens up huge opportunities for the development of a new direction of oil and gas companies. The oil industry has to learn to live in a situation where it is necessary to meet the demand for oil and do it in the most environmentally correct way. To do this, you need to develop your own tactics for participating in global climate battles.

Purpose. The goal of companies in their investment projects is to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060.

Tasks, methods and materials. Strategic objectives to achieve carbon footprint reduction can be achieved through the introduction of monitoring systems, new leak detection mechanisms, optimization of maintenance and modernization of technologies and equipment to reduce or completely stop gas emissions or leaks.Result. The result of solving these tasks will be limiting greenhouse gas emissions to minimum values, increasing the absorption capacity of forests and, most importantly, recognizing the attractiveness of the Russian climate market for international investment.

Conclusion. In conclusion, it should be noted that decarbonization is a long process with many unknowns, so it is important that companies in the oil and gas spectrum are already actively investing in the energy transition and actually doing something in the field of reducing emissions. This will avoid catastrophic consequences in the future.

Background. The implementation of integration processes between universities and industrial enterprises is an important condition for achieving a practice-oriented modern education and matching the competencies of university graduates to the needs of employers in the real sector of the economy. At the same time, the innovative digital economy requires special approaches and tools. Such advanced technologies as the “digital twin” are coming to the fore.

Aim. The purpose of the study was to create recommendations on the organization of integration processes between higher education institutions and industrial enterprises of the Russian market in the digital environment.

Materials and methods. Methods of comparative analysis, classification, expert interviews, observation, analysis of information sources were used to develop recommendations.

Results. As a result of the research, lists of factors, conditions, risks of the introduction of the “digital twin” technology were created, an algorithm for the introduction of digital twins into the educational processes of the university was developed. A methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of this integration has also been developed.

Conclusion. The results obtained have practical value for real enterprises of Russian industry and domestic universities and can be used when considering the feasibility of introducing digital tools into integration processes between universities and industrial enterprises.

The authors chose a rotary-type gas separator with a body diameter of 69 mm (“2A” nominal size) to conduct research on plotting the dependences of power consumption, head and efficiency on supply, velocity and pressure diagrams. Studies of this type of equipment are not only of scientific interest. The results obtained can be applied by oil companies in practice.

Aim. The purpose of this research is to determine the complex characteristics of a rotary gas separator of conditional “2A” size in software packages, as well as during bench tests.

Materials and methods. The software packages «STARCCM+» and «Solid Works Flow Simulation» were chosen as software packages that allow to carry out the necessary calculations and virtual experiments. As a test of the adequacy of the obtained results, full-scale (bench) tests of the studied equipment design were also carried out.

Results. The obtained dependencies indicate the adequacy of the choice of software systems for constructing the pressure-flow characteristics of the gas separator under study, as well as the further possibility of studying the operation of gas separators of other designs (screw and vortex), various size groups and optimal liquid flows.

Conclusions. The use of software products makes it possible at the stage of designing equipment for the oil industry to build complex characteristics of gas separators, determine the dependence of the geometric parameters of the working bodies of the gas separator on a change in the complex characteristic, thereby identifying the most energy-efficient characteristic and optimal equipment design.

Application of the novel materials, which have emerged recently or are even developed for a specific task set, has increased in many industries around the world. At the same time the technical requirements for the materials have increased too. Materials with improved heat resistance, strength, thermal conductivity, wear resistance, etc. are developed, which makes it possible to design more and more advanced products. New materials have evolved from a passive component to an active equipment component, because quite often they provide many potential advantages over usage of traditional materials.

Purpose. The review purpose was to analyze the trends in the area of a novel materials with the identification of the most perspective ones for applying in the oil and gas industry.

Materials and methods. The research methodology was an analysis of publication activity in the world’s largest database Scopus by the relevant thematic requests. As a result of the search, information was obtained on the number of publications on each topic and their distribution by industry. In addition, a publication search was carried out on the applying of all considered materials.

More than 40 types of modern recently-developed materials were analyzed, including various alloys, fibers, carbon materials, coatings, nanostructures, biomaterials, liquids, chemical additives and others. Topics with the highest publication activity during the past 5 years and a significant number of real industry applications were recognized as the most perspective materials for the purposes of a task set.

Conclusions. The main research trends in the area of modern materials are identified as: composites, polymers, smart materials and additive technologies. A description of each type of material presented in the review, its characteristics and main areas of their application are provided.

Introduction. This article is devoted to an overview of the market for technologies for the emergence and development of technologies for processing hydrocarbon gases into useful synthetic products.

Aim: based on the analysis of historical experience in the creation and accumulated information on the application of gas chemical gas processing technologies, to formulate development trends, limitations and challenges in the field of application of medium- or small-scale production of chemical products from gas for the conditions of projects for the construction of liquid hydrocarbon synthesis plants in oil and gas (at the source of raw materials).

Materials and methods. Carbon-based chemicals are diverse and widespread on Earth. The origin of hydrocarbon gases and their use is a prime example of the possibility of converting carbon-containing substances from one to another. Gas chemistry processes make it possible to obtain hydrocarbon substances synthetically from carbon and hydrogen atoms. Fischer — Tropsch synthesis is a technology that opened up the possibility of converting raw materials (hydrocarbon gas, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and other organic substances) into synthetic liquid hydrocarbons (fuels, oils, oxygenates, and other chemical products). Based on this technology, many gas chemical plants and installations were built. An analysis of the current technological development of technology in this area has shown that the well-known technologies implemented in largecapacity form have their own limits of applicability and economic profitability.

Results. Research and development in the field of chemical gas processing is a promising area in which the number of discoveries, developments and projects based on them will only grow, and technological processes will improve, and the stages of raw material conversion will decrease.

Conclusion. The technology for the conversion of hydrocarbon gas into synthesis gas with the subsequent conversion of synthesis gas into liquid hydrocarbons is well developed, tested and commercially implemented in a large-tonnage version. An analysis of the experience of application, development trends in the technology of medium- and small-scale production of synthetic liquid hydrocarbons shows many macroeconomic, technological, operational and logistical factors of uncertainty in their use in local, isolated geographically remote oil and gas fields (at the source of raw materials). In order to increase the efficiency of production, the number of research, development and projects of gas chemistry will only grow, the technological process will only improve, and the stages of processing of raw materials will decrease.